超大跨斜拉桥多点振动台试验研究

以一座试设计主跨1400 m斜拉桥为工程背景,进行了多点振动台阵试验。试验采用包括桩基础的1：70缩尺模型,通过层状剪切土箱模拟场地土的作用,台阵包括4个振动台,可模拟非一致地震输入。研究了半漂浮体系、弹性约束体系和辅助墩体系等不同结构体系对斜拉桥纵向地震响应的影响;进而针对辅助墩体系,研究了上塔柱区段附加耗能构件对斜拉桥横向地震响应的影响;最后通过破坏性试验研究了斜拉桥的横向破坏模式及其灾变过程。结果表明：弹性拉索体系和辅助墩体系可有效减小主塔和塔-梁的纵向相对位移;附加的耗能构件对塔顶横向相对位移的减小效果有限,但可有效降低主塔应变响应,起分散主塔受力和附加耗能作用;主塔的横向破坏模式具有明显的双塑性铰模式。     

基于性能的防屈曲支撑在既有建筑抗震加固中的应用研究

简要介绍了基于位移的防屈曲支撑抗震加固简化算法,结合一幢6层既有综合楼进行实例分析,并通过弹塑性时程分析予以数值验证。结果表明,简化算法能够快速进行支撑用量估计,其减震效果与时程分析结果基本一致。     

Effect of thermal treatment on energy dissipation of granite under cyclic impact loading

High temperature treatment causes thermal damage to rocks in deep mining. To study the thermal effect on the energy dissipation of rocks during the dynamic cyclic loading, cyclic impact loading experiments of heat-treated rocks were carried out using the splitting Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experimental system. The correlations among the energy dissipation, energy dissipation rate, impact times, accumulated absorbed energy per volume, failure mode and temperature were analyzed. The results show that the reflected energy under the first impact increases and finally exceeds the absorbed energy when the temperature increases; however, the total reflected energy decreases above 200 °C. The absorbed energy under the first impact and the total absorbed energy all decrease as the temperature increases, the rates of which decrease accordingly. And the same phenomenon appears for the transmitted energy and the rate of the transmitted energy. On the contrary, the rate of the reflected energy increases with the rising temperature. When the temperature increases, the fewer impact times are needed to destroy the sample. In addition, the failure modes are different when the rock is treated at different temperatures; that is, when the temperature is high, even though the absorbed energy is low, the sample breaks into powder after several impacts.     

基于耗散函数的叶顶泄漏流动非定常数值模拟

更进一步的改善间隙泄漏流动需要对其复杂的流动结构作深入的认识，若不能给出间隙泄漏流动影响更真实的表述将导致对其研究无法进行。为了更深入的认识涡轮叶栅流动粘性耗散的细节及分布，作者采用商用N-S求解器对具有动叶顶部间隙的涡轮级非定常流场进行了数值模拟和研究。本文引入耗散函数对间隙泄漏流动的粘性耗散进行评估，这种方法是对粘性影响带来的粘性耗散的最简单也是最直接模拟和计算方法。     

发射装置电路盒散热技术及其应用

设计电路盒结构时应使其产生的热量尽可能少,并可将工作中所产生的热量尽快散发出去,使电路盒的温度控制在正常工作范围内。阐述了散热性对发射装置电路盒工作性能的影响,分析了电路盒中热量的产生过程。通过散热技术在发射装置电路盒设计装配过程中的应用,提高了电路盒的可靠性。     

Measurements of pollen grain dispersal in still air and stationary, near homogeneous, isotropic turbulence

The dispersal of ragweed, pine and corn pollen as well as polystyrene spheres in still air and stationary, near homogeneous, isotropic turbulence (HIT) was investigated using high-speed, digital inline holographic cinematography enabling Lagrangian tracking of the particles. Mean still air settling velocities were similar as reported literature values. Small discrepancies were most likely related to species/size differences and water content of the grains. Near-HIT was generated by loudspeakers mounted on the corners of a 40 cm³ chamber and the turbulent flow field at the center of the chamber was validated using stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Results showed near homogeneity and near isotropy with mean velocities 5–10 times smaller than the corresponding rms values of velocity fluctuations. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate was determined from the PIV data sets and used to calculate the Kolmogorov scales and Taylor microscales. Experiments were carried out for two different loudspeaker amplifications corresponding to Taylor microscale Reynolds numbers, R_λ=144 and 162, respectively. The mean settling velocity in turbulent conditions was in all cases higher than the corresponding still air value, the difference becoming smaller as particle Stokes numbers increased. For the present conditions, the still air particle settling velocity was lower than the rms values of air fluctuating velocities. As a result, dispersion was dominated by inertia and for a given R_λ, particle fluctuating velocity autocorrelations fell more rapidly as the particle Stokes number decreased; corresponding particle diffusion coefficients also decreased. Transverse particle diffusion coefficients were lower than those in the direction of gravity in agreement with the continuity effect. Under the present range of experimental parameters, results showed that inertial particles (0.6<St<11) in highly turbulent conditions disperse more effectively than the air.     

PIV study of the flow field generated by a sawtooth impeller

Stereoscopic and high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques have been employed to study the flow field induced by a sawtooth (EkatoMizer) impeller, operated in the fully turbulent flow regime at an impeller speed of 1500 rpm. Ensemble-averaged mean flow fields and turbulence quantities were calculated for a region close to the impeller blades. The flow was found to be anisotropic near the impeller and exhibited return-to-isotropy behaviour further away from it. Macro-instabilities were found to have a high probability of occurrence in the discharge stream. All three velocity components from the stereo-PIV measurements were used to estimate the dissipation rate, by adopting a large eddy simulation (LES) analogy. Spurious vectors distorting the dissipation rate calculation were identified, and various standard deviation filters were applied for vector validation. By evaluating the filtered dissipation rate profiles against the multifractal intermittency model of Meneveau and Sreenivasan (1991), the global standard deviation filter was found to be the most suitable type. The ratio of the maximum to the mean dissipation rate for the EkatoMizer discharge stream was found to be similar to that reported for Rushton disk turbine and pitched-blade turbine impellers in the literature, raising questions about the reported high-shear advantage of sawtooth impellers. However it should be noted that these PIV experiments were conducted outside the sawtooth blades and it is possible that the maximum dissipation rate occurs within the impeller swept volume, where could be significantly higher.     

单标量磁位法在静态磁场数值计算中的应用

本文运用经典的磁荷理论，修正了简化标量位法的物理内涵，并在新的基点上建立了单标量磁位法在静态磁场数值计算中的有限元数学模型；然后分别以二维平行平面磁场和轴对称磁场 典型问题为算例，给出验证。计算结果表明，基于有限元的单标量磁位法是应用于静态磁场数值分析的理想方法。     

长江中游防浪林消能效益分析与研究

对不同类型林带结构进行了风浪观测消浪试验，测出了可靠数据，进行了质量评估，并加以分析．为选择防浪林优化模式、提高消能质量提供了理论依据．     

明渠二元均匀流时均能耗散率的分析

本文通过时均运动能量方程式,分析了水流运动中能量消耗的机理,通过论述明渠二元均匀流时均能耗散率沿水深的分布,指出了研究流场内部消能率分布的方法。